The production process of copper is the one with the most methods among various non-ferrous metals. The production process of copper in my country not only includes all copper processes in the world, but also includes unique processes in my country, such as silver smelting copper method and oxygen bottom. Blow melting furnace.
In the fire copper smelting process, the difference is mainly in the production of copper matte, while the converter blowing and copper refining are basically the same.
1) Flash furnace
Due to the high temperature in the reaction tower of the flash furnace, the high-speed airflow mixed with the melt erodes and corrodes the reaction tower. At present, fused magnesia-chrome bricks are used. At the same time, in order to protect the fused magnesia-chrome bricks, several layers of horizontal copper plate water jackets are sandwiched in the brick masonry, and water-cooled copper pipes or vertical copper plate water jackets are arranged between the brick masonry and the shell. , the top of the reaction tower and the upper low temperature area are built with ordinary magnesia-chrome bricks. In the connection part between the reaction tower and the top of the sedimentation tank (similarly the connection between the sedimentation tank and the rising flue), it is subject to the erosion and strong corrosion of high-temperature melt and dust-laden high-temperature airflow, and the lining is easily damaged, so finned copper is usually used. The structure of high-quality magnesia-chrome bricks embedded with pipe tamping refractory castables or copper water jackets.
The main function of the sedimentation tank is to further complete the slagging reaction and precipitate and separate the melt (slag and matte are separated here). Near the slag line of the sedimentation tank, especially the slag line of the side wall and end wall at the lower part of the reaction tower, the erosion and corrosion of the high temperature melt are very serious. Usually these parts are made of high-quality materials such as pre-reacted magnesia-chrome bricks and directly combined magnesia-chrome bricks. In addition, horizontal copper water jackets, cooling copper pipes and inclined copper water jackets are also set to prolong its service life. The top of the sedimentation tank is also the part that is seriously washed by high-temperature airflow. Usually, in the axial direction, a water-cooled copper tube with fins is set to outsource. Refractory castable, “H” type water-cooled beam through cooling water is sandwiched in the furnace roof brick to prevent the axial deformation of the top of the sedimentation tank.
At present, the development direction of the flash furnace is to become larger. It is obvious that the larger-scale furnace has higher requirements for refractory materials, and refractory materials should be actively followed up.
2) Noranda stove
Nolanda furnace is another large-scale smelting copper matte furnace successfully introduced in my country. Due to the process of concentrate drying, roasting, smelting, blowing and slag making in the same furnace, there is strong stirring in the furnace, and the furnace body needs to be rotated at the same time. Therefore, the furnace lining and furnace refractory materials have a high Require.
The most serious damage to the lining of the Nolanda furnace is the tuyere area, the furnace wall opposite the tuyere area, near the slag line, the copper matte discharge port, the slag port, the furnace port and the feeding port. The copper matte outlet brick adopts fused cast magnesia chrome brick, other parts use fused magnesia chrome brick, the furnace body and end wall use direct combined magnesia chrome brick, and the bottom is tile-shaped high-alumina brick. The gap between the fused magnesia chrome brick and the furnace shell is filled with silicon carbide refractory mud, the gap between the directly combined magnesia chrome brick and the furnace shell is filled with magnesia refractory mud, and the gap between the upper part of the furnace body and the furnace shell is not filled Any refractory material for expansion joints.
At present, all refractory materials used in Nolanda furnaces can be produced in China, and their performance is similar to that of imported bricks, but the price advantage is obvious.
3) Osmet furnace
Osmet technology, also known as top blowing immersion smelting technology, is used in the copper matte smelting process, and Osmet furnace is the main equipment. The Osmet furnace is a cylinder, which is connected to the conical part that is shrunk and deflected to one side, and then connected to the vertical rising flue of the waste heat boiler through the transition section. The material port, the spare burner port and the sampling observation port are respectively provided with a metal discharge port and a slag port at the bottom of the furnace. The slag port is slightly higher, and the whole furnace body is wrapped by a steel shell. In the process of copper, lead and tin smelting in Osmet furnace, although the process conditions are not the same, the refractory materials of the inner lining are basically the same. The raw materials, fuel and preheated air are strongly stirred in the furnace, and the furnace body and upper furnace lining are washed by solid raw materials, alkaline liquid slag, and high-temperature gas mixture, and the conditions are extremely harsh. These parts require high-quality high-temperature-resistant and erosion-resistant materials such as fused magnesia-chrome bricks or fused magnesia-chrome bricks, and some furnaces also use chrome-aluminum spinel bricks.
